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According to statistics released today by the Monetary Authority of Macao, broad money supply rebounded in April. As total loans increased at a faster pace than total deposits, the overall loan-to-deposit ratio of the banking sector rose from a month earlier. Money supply Currency in circulation grew 0.8% whereas demand deposits dropped 2.6%. M1 thus decreased 2.1% from one month earlier. Concurrently, quasi-monetary liabilities grew 2.7%. The sum of these two items, i.e. M2, increased 2.1% to MOP465.0 billion. On an annual basis, M1 and M2 rose 4.9% and 17.3% respectively. The share of Pataca (MOP) in M2 stood at 24.3%, down 0.3 percentage points from a month ago or 0.4 percentage points from a year earlier. The share of Hong Kong Dollar (HKD) in M2 was 49.3%, down 0.5 percentage points month-to-month or 5.5 percentage points year-on-year. Deposits Resident deposits increased 2.1% from the preceding month to MOP455.4 billion. Of which, MOP deposits, HKD deposits and other foreign currency deposits increased at respective rates of 0.7%, 1.2% and 5.3%. Non-resident deposits rose 3.0% to MOP202.5 billion. Public sector deposits with the banking sector also increased 0.7% to MOP86.0 billion. As a result, total deposits with the banking sector grew 2.2% from a month earlier to MOP743.9 billion. The shares of MOP and HKD in total deposits were 18.6% and 40.2% respectively. Loans Domestic loans to the private sector increased 2.9% from a month ago to MOP292.1 billion. Among which, MOP82.9 billion was MOP-denominated and MOP183.9 billion was denominated in HKD, representing 28.4% and 62.9% of the total respectively. On the other hand, external loans rose 3.5% to MOP306.2 billion; of which, loans denominated in MOP and HKD accounted for 1.8% (MOP5.4 billion) and 22.6% (MOP69.2 billion) respectively. Loan-to-deposit ratios The loan-to-deposit ratio for the resident sector at end-April rose 0.5 percentage points from the previous month to 54.0%. The ratio for both the resident and non-resident sectors also grew, by 0.8 percentage points to 80.4%.
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June 14 marks the 9th China Cultural Heritage Day. To commemorate this date, the Cultural Affairs Bureau (IC, from the Portuguese acronym) organizes for the ninth consecutive year a series of activities in local heritage sites, museums and libraries, including themed exhibitions and lectures, guided tours and free admission to certain attractions, thereby increasing the public's knowledge about Macao's cultural heritage, revealing its meaning and charm as well as implementing this year's China Cultural Heritage Day's theme, "Let the Cultural Heritage Live". Lectures on architecture at the Mandarin's House; exhibition on the history of past typhoons The lecture series Communication with the Masters – The Inner Beauty of Traditional Chinese Architecture takes place on 14 June at the Mandarin's House, comprising three different topics: Wu Guozhi, Professor at the Chaozhou Architecture Design Institute and senior engineer will speak about 'The Beauty of Scale and Proportion of Chaozhou Traditional Residential Architecture'; Hsu Yu-Chien, Professor at the Architecture Department of Huafan University, addresses 'The Beauty of Scale and Proportion of Taiwanese Traditional Residential Architecture'; both academics, together with Professor David Lung Ping-yee, Dean of the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Hong Kong, will dwell on the subject 'Communication with the Masters – The Inner Beauty of Traditional Chinese Architecture'. Admission is free and seat reservations are available through the number 2896 8820, during office hours. A tea ceremony and a guqin performance will also be held on the same day and venue, as well as the opening of the "Chinese Buildings and Construction Exhibition", which will run until July 13. In commemoration of the China Cultural Heritage Day and the International Archives Day, and to unveil the history and evolution of typhoons in Macao throughout the times, the Historical Archives of Macao organise the exhibition The Times of Typhoons – Exhibition of Macao Archival Materials. Through written documents, photographs and other typhoon related materials, this exhibition allows visitors to gain a better understanding of the development of Macao's typhoon warning signals as well as the impact of past typhoons on the city. Lectures are also scheduled during the exhibition period. The splendour of cultural heritage; streets and lanes talk about history The Macao Cultural Heritage Protection Law came into force on 1 March, opening a brand new chapter in the cultural heritage protection works of Macao. In order to promote this diploma more extensively among citizens, IC organises an exhibition on the Cultural Heritage Protection Law from June 13 to July 13, and an exhibition on the Historic Centre of Macao, both to be held at the Ruins of St. Paul, as well as the exhibition '10 Items of Macao's Intangible Cultural Heritage' to be held at the Lou Kau Mansion. These exhibitions will give citizens the opportunity to deepen their knowledge about the new law and, simultaneously, about Macao's valuable cultural and world heritage.
The guided tours 'Through Streets and Lanes' will lead tourists and residents on a walk through the Historic Centre of Macao, starting at the Ruins of St. Paul's, through the Na Tcha Temple, Na Tcha Exhibtion Hall, Section of the Old City Walls, Travessa da Paixão and Pátio da Eterna Felicidade, sharing each building's unique stories. Interested parties can register on the website www.mhaa.org.mo or download the application form from the same site and submit it, duly completed, at the information desk at the Ruins of St. Paul. Free admission. Places are limited and assigned on a first come, first served basis.
The Macao Museum receives, from May 30 to August 31, the exhibition Collotype • Recurrence – Spatial Convergence of John Thomson and Wong Ho Sang, which presents more than 200 wet plate photographs by British photographer John Thomson taken in the 1860s and 1870s in Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Macao, Xiamen, Shanghai, Beijing and other places. The second section presents photographs taken using the same process by Macao photographer Wong Ho Sang, who produced a collection of photography artworks integrating the new and old with early photography skills and contemporary creative concepts. Macao was the inspiration for this project, specially conceived for this exhibition. On 14 and 15 June, admission to the Macao Museum is free and guided tours will also be available. Lecture on digital archives; free admission in several attractions
The lecture on Taiwan's National Digital Archives Programme: Past, Present and Future takes place on 21 June, at 11am, at the Multi-Function Hall of the Sir Robert Ho Tung Library (2nd floor). Hsieh Kuo-hsing, Research Fellow and Director of the Institute of Taiwan History at the Academia Sinica Digital Centre, examines the strategies and development of the Digital Museum Project over the past 15 years since its launch in 1998, and discusses its significant achievements as well as future challenges. Interested parties can register between 7 and 20 June through number 2837 7117, during office hours, or in person at the Sir Robert Ho Tung Library.
Several world heritage sites and museums offer free admission on June 14 and 15, including the Guia Fortress, open from 10m to 5pm, the Macao Museum and the Heritage Exhibition of a Traditional Pawnshop Business. These last two also offer, free guided tours during the same period. Additionally, the Ruins of St. Paul's, the Mandarin's House and the Lou Kau Mansion host quiz games, giving participants the opportunity to win free souvenirs (available while stocks last). Admission is free for many activities integrated in the China Cultural Heritage Day. For more information, please call 8399 6699, during office hours, or visit www.icm.gov.mo/chd.
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After discussions with relevant mainland departments, the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau (IACM) will resume imports of live poultry from mainland China on 1 June. The batch of live poultry imported on that day will be kept in the wholesale market for quarantine, and will be available for sale in the market on 2 June provided the quarantine results is normal.
The IACM detected H7 subtype avian influenza virus in the environment samples from three poultry booths in Patane Provisional Market a month ago. To ensure public heath and safety, the Government immediately activated the emergency mechanism, and decided to temporarily suspend live poultry trade in Macao on 19 April. The IACM also carried out cleaning and sterilisation at wholesale, slaughtering and retail premises, while the Health Bureau conducted medical surveillance of poultry retailers in Patane Provisional Market. Before resuming retail of live poultry, the poultry booths in wet markets will again be thoroughly cleaned and sterilised. Currently, poultry booths are cleaned and sterilised every day after market closure, and large-scale cleaning and sterilisation is conducted biweekly. To minimise the risk of spread of virus, poultry booths at the eight wet markets and the wholesale market in Macao also undergo large-scale cleaning and sterilisation on the same day, to break the biological chain of the virus in order to protect citizens' health and environmental hygiene. As sporadic cases of avian flu have recently occurred in neighbouring areas, the IACM actively communicates with the mainland departments regarding setting up long-term measures to ensure stable imports of live poultry. In future, if there are positive test results for H5 or H7 subtype avian influenza viruses in samples from wet markets, shops or other retail venues, and the samples are proved to be from live poultry that was held under normal quarantine, imports from the registered source of the poultry will be suspended. This will enable the source of the virus to be traced, after reaching a consensus with the relevant mainland inspection and quarantine institutions. Both the authorities in the mainland and Macao should then confirm whether the source is suitable for supplying poultry. Imports of live poultry from other registered farms will resume in three days, after thorough cleaning and sterilisation.
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Information from the Statistics and Census Service (DSEC) indicated that total merchandise export for April 2014 amounted to MOP836 million, up by 16% year-on-year; value of re-exports (MOP683 million) increased by 25%, but that of domestic exports (MOP153 million) decreased by 12%. Total merchandise import was MOP7.35 billion, up by 13% year-on-year. Merchandise trade deficit amounted to MOP6.51 billion for April 2014. In the first four months of 2014, total value of merchandise export increased by 8% year-on-year to MOP3.32 billion, of which value of re-exports (MOP2.70 billion) increased by 11%, but that of domestic exports (MOP619 million) decreased by 2%. Total value of merchandise import grew by 16% to MOP29.20 billion. Merchandise trade deficit widened to MOP25.88 billion for the first four months of 2014. Analysed by destination, merchandise export to Hong Kong (MOP2.05 billion) and the EU (MOP103 million) in the first four months of 2014 increased by 18% and 19% respectively year-on-year, while export to Mainland China (MOP431 million) and the USA (MOP101 million) decreased by 9% and 19% respectively. Exports of Non-textiles (MOP3.06 billion) increased by 11% year-on-year, of which exports of Machines, apparatus & parts (MOP586 million) and Clocks & watches (MOP372 million) rose by 34% and 70% respectively. Exports of Textiles & garments (MOP255 million) decreased by 14%, of which exports of Non-knitted or non-crocheted garments (MOP137 million) declined by 12%. By country of origin, merchandise import from Mainland China (MOP9.23 billion) and the EU (MOP7.53 billion) increased by 12% and 25% respectively year-on-year in the first four months of 2014. Imports of Consumer goods rose by 20% to MOP18.90 billion, with imports of Gold jewellery (MOP3.74 billion) and Watches (MOP2.85 billion) increasing by 54% and 71% respectively. Moreover, imports of Construction materials (MOP1.14 billion) grew by 45%. External merchandise trade reached MOP32.52 billion in the first four months of 2014, up by 16% compared with MOP28.14 billion a year earlier.
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Information from the Statistics and Census Service (DSEC) indicated that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the first quarter of 2014 expanded by 12.4% year-on-year in real terms, attributable to the increase in exports of services and investment, of which exports of gaming services and other tourism services increased by 13.0% and 6.6% respectively, private investment soared by 39.8%, and merchandise exports grew by 13.4%. Moreover, the implicit deflator of GDP that measures changes in prices increased by 8.5% year-on-year. The job market stayed robust, marked with long time low unemployment rate, rising total employment and income; consequently, private consumption expenditure increased by 4.7% year-on-year. Household final consumption expenditure in the domestic market increased by 4.8% and consumption expenditure abroad rose mildly by 2.3%. Government final consumption expenditure increased by 8.6% year-on-year, of which compensation of employees rose by 3.0% and net purchases of goods and services grew by 18.7%. As the gauge of investment, gross fixed capital formation surged by 30.9% year-on-year. Construction of major tourism and gaming facilities in full swing was conducive to private investment to increase by 39.8%, of which construction and equipment investment increased by 44.9% and 19.4% respectively. Government investment shrank notably by 49.2% due to completion of Hengqin campus of the University of Macau last year, and the absence of new major construction projects in the first quarter of 2014; therefore, public construction investment and equipment investment contracted substantially by 49.1% and 53.1% respectively. Growth in merchandise exports continued, up by 13.4% year-on-year; merchandise imports increased by 22.1% on account of the expansion in private investment, rising visitor spending and private consumption expenditure. As regard trade in services, the simultaneous upsurge in gross gaming receipts, visitor arrivals and visitor spending induced exports of services to grow by 11.9% year-on-year in the first quarter, of which exports of gaming services rose by 13.0% and exports of other tourism services grew by 6.6%. Moreover, imports of services went up by 3.2% year-on-year.
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To celebrate China Cultural Heritage Day and International Archives Day, the Historical Archives of Macao under the auspices of Cultural Affairs Bureau will present "The Times of Typhoon – Exhibition of Macao's Archival Materials" in conjunction with related lectures from 10th June to 7th December 2014. The exhibition will be inaugurated at 18:30 on 9th June 2014 at the Historical Archives of Macao on Tap Seac Square.
Macao is threatened and affected by typhoons in varying degrees in May to October every year, with July to September particularly susceptible to typhoons. The catastrophic typhoon of 1874 is the typhoon that left Macao with the most severe damages and highest number of casualties. The typhoon, which caused devastating floods and fires, inflicted a heavy blow on the society and economy of Macao.
The exhibition will show historical records and documentations, photographs, real objects, maps and news footages of the catastrophic typhoon of 1874 and other major typhoons that struck Macao in the recent century. Many of the items on display are of high historical value, covering topics like the naming of typhoon, monitoring instruments, warning signals, typhoon attacks and disaster reliefs etc., to enable visitors to learn more about the impact of typhoons on Macao and give insight to the relation between urban life and natural disasters. Lectures related to the exhibition are also scheduled during the exhibition period to enhance the understanding of typhoon.
Members of the public are welcome to visit the exhibition at the Historical Archives of Macao on Tap Seac Square (open daily from 10:00-18:00, except from Mondays and public holidays). Free admission. For enquiries, please visit official website: www.archives.gov.mo or call 28592919 during office hour.
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To celebrate International Children's Day and encourage children and teenagers to visit museums, the Macao Museum under the Cultural Affairs Bureau will offer free admissions and guided tour services to all children aged 12 or under and two accompanying adults each on International Children's Day, 1st June (Sunday). This activity aims at encouraging parents to spend more time with their children in visiting museums and hence promoting desirable social education. The Macao Museum will also host the activity "Animated Drawing" on site on International Children's Day with youth cartoonist drawing portraits for children for free. Thus, the events will be more artistic and enjoyable and allow children and teenagers to have a better understanding of Macao's culture and history. The Macao Museum is holding the temporary exhibition of Collotype•Recurrence – Spatial Convergence of John Thomson and Wong Ho Sang which features the British photographer John Thomson of the nineteenth century and his wet plate photographs taken across China. It also demonstrates how Wong Ho Sang captures contemporary themes with traditional photographic techniques. Guided tour services are available to provide the general public with more information and historical background of the exhibition. In the education zone, the Macao Museum also organizes the family escape game of The Secret of Wet Plate Photography especially for children, teenagers and parents. Through this interesting game, the participants will learn more about the history of photography and enjoy closer family relationships. We welcome all parents to accompany their children to take delight in all we have to offer on International Children's Day. Besides, the Macao Museum and the Heritage Exhibition of a Traditional Pawnshop Business will offer free admissions and guided tour services to the general public from 14th to 15th June in celebration of the China Cultural Heritage Day on 14th June. The Collotype•Recurrence – Spatial Convergence of John Thomson and Wong Ho Sang exhibition welcomes all visitors until 31st August (closed on Mondays). It also provides guided tour services of this temporary exhibition. Groups and schools interested in the docent services should reserve in advance. Macao ID cardholders and student cardholders can also visit the museum for free on Sundays. For information about this exhibition or guided tour services, please call: (853) 2835 7911 during office hours or visit the website of the Macao Museum: www.macaumuseum.gov.mo or the homepage of the Cultural Affairs Bureau: www.icm.gov.mo.
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The Chief Executive, Mr Chui Sai On, announced at a press conference today that after extensive discussion by the Executive Council, the Government has decided to withdraw the "Welfare Package for Designated, Incumbent and Former Chief Executives and Principal Officials" bill.
In the meantime, the Government will compile the opinions received from all sectors of society and come up with a consultation document for public engagement to seek the broadest possible social consensus and join hands with all citizens as participants to perfect the system together.
Mr Chui said that he wrote formally to the Legislative Assembly to suggest the withdrawal of the bill, and re-iterated that the purpose of the bill was to enhance the institutionalisation of the political system of the Macao Special Administrative Region. The Chief Executive and principal officials are paramount components of the SAR government. However, with the Government now having been in place for 15 years, a relevant and much-needed welfare package still does not exist. With regard to the content of the welfare package, it is required to meet the demands of the public and to satisfy the requirements to develop the system. It is believed there is still much room for further study and discussion on this matter.
The "Welfare Package for Designated, Incumbent and Former Chief Executives and Principal Officials" bill has attracted overwhelming and wide-ranging opinions from society. Mr Chui said that the Government has noted that there is a huge variation in views on the bill, including the two recent lawful and rational expressions of concern from members of the public calling for withdrawal of the bill, while at the same time; there were also opinions in support of the bill that must receive attention.
Mr Chui said he did not want the disparity in Macao public opinion to become more extreme, which could affect social harmony. The Government hopes to listen to the voices of the public and unite people's power through open consultation, enabling all members of the community to participate in establishing the system. He pointed out that the Secretary for Administration and Justice Ms Florinda Chan and her colleagues will immediately compile the opinions on the bill collected from different sectors and produce a consultation paper to provide sufficient channels for the expression of opinion by people from all walks of life. The Government will maintain an open-minded attitude in its system development work.
In regard to the part related to immunity from criminal charges, Mr Chui said he believes that the Chief Executive, as the highest person-in-charge and head of a region, should take the responsibility from the Central Government. It is worth considering whether there should be a system to protect him legally during his exercise of his duties, similar to the provisions under the Basic Law and relevant systems that protects Legislative Assembly members. Secretary for Administration and Justice has already communicated in great depth with the Central Government and hence today's move does not circumvent the decision of the Central Government. Mr Chui re-iterated that the relevant welfare package does not imply that the Chief Executive will be free from liability for any criminal offence during his term of office. With an open-mind towards this issue, Mr Chui welcomes everyone to discuss this in the upcoming public consultation. Mr Chui also told the media that when the Government submits the amended bill to the Legislative Assembly, he has decided that if the welfare package is established, he will donate to a good cause the total amount granted to him under the package. For this reason, he has contacted six charitable and educational organisations. He re-iterated that as the engineer of the welfare package for principal officers, he personally will not accept any benefits accorded to him by the system.
In addition, Mr Chui noted that the huge variation in social opinion regarding the bill is a sign that the Government needs to identify and review its weaker areas when carrying out policies. He believes that a responsible government should face problems and review inadequacies with a humble heart, so as to serve the public under the principle of "putting people first". At the same time, he hopes that the admirable traditions of Macao can be inherited to help realise a harmonious society in which everyone jointly participates in building a better Macao. He pointed out that after serious discussion and review, the Executive Council believes that the Government has not done sufficiently well and needs to improve in the following respects: adopt a multiple-level approach to explain government policies and legal proposals; listen to opinions and conduct consultation more frequently; establish better opinion-collecting channels suited to the current situation. It is hoped that after listening more to opinions and conducting all-round consultation, a broader social consensus can finally be reached and the difference in standpoints can be narrowed.
Mr Chui promised that the Government will review the communication channel with the public, provide more support, advance with the times, and listen to the people through various channels of contact and communication.
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To promote development of local creative industry, Institute for Tourism Studies (IFT) hosts the opening ceremony of Creativity in Spring – Exhibition of Teachers and Students Works on the 29 May. The Exhibition showcases the works of teachers and students of three series of courses offered by the Institute namely Souvenir Design and Production, DIY Recycle Design, Painting, as well as the Graphic Design Course which IFT co-organises with Luso-Chinese Professional School for their high school students. Exhibition starts from 29 May to 31 August at IFT Educational Restaurant and Team Building. Interested parties are welcome to pay a visit. To cope with Macao SAR Government's policy to develop and promote creative industry, IFT has offered various related courses through its Community Education and Development Programme since 2011, providing a free-of-charge learning opportunities for residents. Courses offered in the Souvenir Design and Production Series include Traditional Mosaic, Creative Decoupage Collage, Introduction to Model Making, Introduction to Paper Artwork, Creative Felt Making, Trendy Accessory DIY and Creative Silver Art. In the DIY Recycle Design Series, courses comprise Stationery Production and Floral Production. In the area of painting, IFT provides Elementary Sketching, Introduction to Acrylic Painting and Elementary Chinese Ink Painting courses. There are also courses related to design and life such as Introduction to Design - Applying Design Elements, Combining and Applying Colours and Creative Life Media Design and Production. These rich and practical courses align with the cultural and art development trend that promotes continuous advancement of the industry and keeps it abreast of times. Since 2009, IFT has collaborated with Luso-Chinese Professional School to offer Graphic Design Courses for high school students, in order to promote arts education, creative thinking and training talents for creative industries. This Course has been successfully held over the last 6 years, cultivating graphic design talents for local industry and providing basic training for students who are interested in pursuing high education studies. It is hoped that through the combination of theory and practice, students can effectively gain knowledge of graphic design and create a solid foundation for their future studies and careers. This course has unique characteristics which covers not only basic design principles and chromatography, but also painting, illustration, art history, photography, advertising design, printing, computer graphics and other professional subjects. To further develop the career of creative industry professionals in Macao, IFT provides learning opportunities for them. Concerning the lacking creative art administrative management talents in Macao, IFT has been running an Art Administration Programme for the three consecutive years and invited renowned overseas professors to deliver lectures at IFT. Local culture and arts associations and industry talents are welcome to enroll in the course, in order to promote the cultural and arts development of Macao. IFT will continue to meet social needs and offer more diversified cultural and creative courses to the public and interested parties in the future.
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The Statistics and Census Service (DSEC) released results of the Survey on Manpower Needs and Wages for the first quarter of 2014. Survey coverage comprises Manufacturing; Hotels & Restaurants; Financial Intermediation Activities; Electricity, Gas & Water Supply; Child-care and Elderly Care. This survey excludes the self-employed, as well as insurance agents and brokers not directly employed by insurance companies. At the end of the first quarter of 2014, Hotels & Restaurants had 67,430 full-time employees, up by 4.3% year-on-year, with those working in Restaurants (22,782) rising by 14.1%. In March, average earnings (excluding bonuses and allowances) of full-time employees in Hotels rose by 9.7% year-on-year to MOP15,160; those working in Restaurants earned an average of MOP8,510, up by 5.2%. Manufacturing had 9,412 full-time employees, down by 8.0% year-on-year. Average earnings of full-time employees in March rose by 13.6% year-on-year to MOP8,960. Electricity, Gas & Water Supply had 1,082 full-time employees, and their average earnings increased by 5.7% to MOP25,940. Financial Intermediation Activities had 6,333 full-time employees, up by 2.1% year-on-year, those working in Banking (5,489) rising by 2.3%. Average earnings of full-time employees in Banking rose by 5.8% to MOP22,560. Child-care and Elderly Care had 900 and 618 full-time employees, up by 12.1% and 4.6% respectively year-on-year. In March, average earnings of full-time employees in Child-care increased by 5.8% to MOP10,880; those working in Elderly Care earned an average of MOP10,680, up by 7.9%. At the end of the first quarter of 2014, Hotels and Restaurants had 2,976 and 3,016 vacancies, up by 890 and 909 respectively year-on-year; vacancies in Manufacturing decreased by 125 to 1,135. In terms of recruitment prerequisites, 82.6% of the vacancies in Financial Intermediation Activities required knowledge of Mandarin, while 95.5% of those in Insurance required English; meanwhile, 82.6% and 58.5% of the vacancies in Hotels required knowledge of Mandarin and English respectively. In the first quarter of 2014, Restaurants had the highest vacancy rate of 11.7%, up by 2.2 percentage points year-on-year, and the employee turnover rate (7.5%) rose by 0.6 percentage points. The vacancy rate in Manufacturing fell slightly by 0.2 percentage points, but remained high at 10.8%, while the employee turnover rate (5.3%) rose by 0.3 percentage points. This indicated that most of the vacancies in these industries were not filled and the turnover of employees has not significantly improved. As regards vocational training in the surveyed industries, a total of 21,365 participants attended training courses which were provided by the establishment in the first quarter of 2014 (including courses organized by the establishment or in conjunction with other institutions, and those sponsored by the employer); 82.4% of the elderly care institutions and 64.3% of the banks provided training courses for their employees. Moreover, 64.0% of the participants working in Child-care and Elderly Care attended courses paid by the establishment, while the rate for other industries was over 90%. Analyzed by course type, most of the courses (69.2%) were in Services, and Business & Administration. Hotels had 15,024 participants attending vocational training, with 98.8% taking courses during office hours; meanwhile, Banking had 3,875 participants and 75.1% of them attended courses during non-office hours.
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